S-3ASR: Automatic shelf registration statement of securities of well-known seasoned issuers
Published on September 25, 2009
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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2009 |
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Registration Statement No. 333- |
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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION |
Washington, D.C. 20549 |
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FORM S-3 |
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REGISTRATION STATEMENT |
UNDER |
SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 |
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CHIMERA INVESTMENT CORPORATION |
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter) |
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Maryland |
22-3479661 |
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(State or Other Jurisdiction of |
(I.R.S. Employer |
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Incorporation or Organization) |
Identification No.) |
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1211 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 2902 |
New York, New York 10036 |
(866) 315-9930 |
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, including Area Code, of Registrants Principal Executive Offices) |
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Mathew Lambiase |
Chief Executive Officer and President |
Chimera Investment Corporation |
1211 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 2902 |
New York, New York 10036 |
(866) 315-9930 |
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, including Area Code, of Administrator for Service) |
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Copies to: |
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R. Nicholas Singh, Esq. |
Phillip J. Kardis, II, Esq. |
Fixed Income Discount Advisory Company |
K&L Gates LLP |
1211 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 2902 |
1601 K Street, N.W. |
New York, New York 10036 |
Washington, DC 20006 |
(212) 696-0100 |
(202) 778-9401 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time or at one time after the effective date of the Registration Statement as the Registrant shall determine.
If the only securities being registered on this form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box. o
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box. x
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box. x
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer o Non-accelerated filer o Smaller reporting company o
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Title of Each Class of Securities |
Amount |
Proposed Maximum |
Proposed Maximum |
Amount of |
Common Stock (2) |
100,000,000 |
$3.92 |
$392,000,000 |
$21,874 |
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(1) |
Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(c), based on the average high and low prices reported on the New York Stock Exchange on September 18, 2009. |
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(2) |
Plus such additional shares as may be issued by reason of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions. |
PROSPECTUS
CHIMERA INVESTMENT CORPORATION
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT AND SHARE PURCHASE PLAN
The Dividend Reinvestment and Share Purchase Plan, or the Plan, is designed to provide current holders of our common stock, par value $.01 per share, and other interested investors with a convenient and economical method to invest funds and reinvest dividends in shares of our common stock.
By participating in the Plan, you may purchase additional shares of our common stock by reinvesting some or all of the cash dividends that you receive on your shares of our common stock. If you elect to participate in the Plan, you may also make optional cash purchases of shares of our common stock of between $250 and $10,000 per month and, with our prior approval, in excess of $10,000 per month. Shares of our common stock purchased under the Plan in excess of $10,000 per month may be acquired at discounts from the prevailing market price as determined by us from time to time. The Plan highlights include:
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Any holder of shares of our common stock may elect to participate in the Plan. |
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Interested new investors who are not currently holders of our common stock may make their initial purchase through the Plan. |
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Up to a 3% discount on optional cash purchases of shares in excess of $10,000 per month purchased under the Plan. |
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Full or partial dividend reinvestment options. |
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Optional cash purchases of between $250 and $10,000 per month and, with our prior approval, optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000 per month. |
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Shares purchased will be maintained in your name in book-entry form at no charge to you. |
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Detailed recordkeeping and reporting will be provided at no charge to you. |
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Optional automatic investment withdrawals from your bank account. |
This prospectus relates to the offer and sale of up to 100,000,000 authorized but unissued shares of our common stock under the Plan. Participants should retain this prospectus for future reference.
The New York Stock Exchange lists our common stock under the symbol CIM.
Investing in our securities involves a high degree of risk. You should consider carefully the risk factors in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and any subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
The date of this prospectus is September 24, 2009.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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You should rely only on the information contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus. We have not authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. The information in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date such information is presented. Our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects may have changed since such dates.
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A WARNING ABOUT FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
We make forward-looking statements in this prospectus that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. When we use the words believe, expect, anticipate, estimate, plan, continue, intend, should, may, would, will or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, are forward-looking by their nature:
our business and investment strategy;
our projected financial and operating results;
our ability to maintain existing financing arrangements, obtain future financing arrangements and the terms of such arrangements;
general volatility of the securities markets in which we invest;
the implementation, timing and impact of, and changes to, various government programs, including the U.S. Treasurys plan to buy U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities, the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility, and the Public-Private Investment Program;
our expected investments;
changes in the value of our investments;
interest rate mismatches between our investments and our borrowings used to fund such purchases;
changes in interest rates and mortgage prepayment rates;
effects of interest rate caps on our adjustable-rate investments;
rates of default or decreased recovery rates on our investments;
prepayments of the mortgage and other loans underlying our mortgage-backed or other asset-backed securities;
the degree to which our hedging strategies may or may not protect us from interest rate volatility;
impact of and changes in governmental regulations, tax law and rates, accounting guidance, and similar matters;
availability of investment opportunities in real estate-related and other securities;
availability of qualified personnel;
estimates relating to our ability to make distributions to our stockholders in the future;
our understanding of our competition;
market trends in our industry, interest rates, the debt securities markets or the general economy; and
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use of proceeds of this offering.
The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. Some of these factors are described under the caption About Chimera Investment Corporation in this prospectus and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K and our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference in the prospectus. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise from time to time, and it is impossible for us to predict those events or how they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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ABOUT CHIMERA INVESTMENT CORPORATION
General
We are a specialty finance company that invests in residential mortgage-backed securities, or RMBS, residential mortgage loans, real estate-related securities and various other asset classes. We have elected and believe that we are organized and have operated in a manner that enables us to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code. If we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income that is distributed to our stockholders.
To ensure we qualify as a real estate investment trust, no person may own more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares of any class of our common stock, unless our Board of Directors waives this limitation.
We are externally managed by Fixed Income Discount Advisory Company, which we refer to as our Manager or FIDAC. Our Manager is an investment advisor registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. Additionally, our Manager is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Annaly Capital Management, Inc., or Annaly, a NYSE-listed REIT, which has a long track record of managing investments in U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities, or Agency RMBS. We commenced operations in November 2007.
Our Manager
We are externally managed and advised by FIDAC pursuant to a management agreement. All of our officers are employees of our Manager or its affiliates. Our Manager is a fixed-income investment management company specializing in managing investments in Agency RMBS, which are mortgage pass-through certificates, collateralized mortgage obligations, or CMOs, and other mortgage-backed securities representing interests in or obligations backed by pools of mortgage loans issued or guaranteed by the Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, or Freddie Mac, and the Government National Mortgage Association, or Ginnie Mae. Our Manager also has experience in managing investments in non-Agency RMBS and collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs; real estate-related securities; and managing credit and interest rate-sensitive investment strategies. Our Manager commenced active investment management operations in 1994.
Our Manager is responsible for administering our business activities and day-to-day operations. We have no employees other than our officers. Pursuant to the terms of the management agreement, our Manager provides us with our management team, including our officers, along with appropriate support personnel. Our Manager is at all times subject to the supervision and oversight of our board of directors and has only such functions and authority as we delegate to it. We do not pay any of our officers any cash compensation. Rather, we pay our Manager a base management fee pursuant to the terms of the management agreement. We do not pay our Manager any incentive-based fees or other compensation.
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Our Investment Strategy
Our objective is to provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our investors over the long-term, primarily through dividends and secondarily through capital appreciation. We intend to achieve this objective by investing in a diversified investment portfolio of residential mortgage loans, RMBS, real estate-related securities and various other asset classes, subject to maintaining our REIT status and exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act. The RMBS, asset-backed securities, or ABS, commercial mortgage backed securities, or CMBS, and CDOs we purchase may include investment-grade and non-investment grade classes, including the BB-rated, B-rated and non-rated classes.
We rely on our Managers expertise in identifying assets within our target asset classes. Our Manager makes investment decisions based on various factors, including expected cash yield, relative value, risk-adjusted returns, current and projected credit fundamentals, current and projected macroeconomic considerations, current and projected supply and demand, credit and market risk concentration limits, liquidity, cost of financing and financing availability, as well as maintaining our REIT qualification and our exemption from registration under the 1940 Act.
Since we commenced operations in November 2007, we have focused our investment activities on acquiring non-Agency RMBS and on purchasing residential mortgage loans that have been originated by select high-quality originators, including the retail lending operations of leading commercial banks. Over time, we will modify our investment allocation strategy as market conditions change to seek to maximize the returns from our investment portfolio. We believe this strategy, combined with our Managers experience, will enable us to pay dividends and achieve capital appreciation throughout changing interest rate and credit cycles and provide attractive long-term returns to investors.
Our targeted asset classes and the principal investments we have made and expect to make in each asset class are as follows:
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Principal Investments |
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Residential
Mortgage-Backed |
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Non-Agency RMBS, including investment-grade and non-investment grade classes, including the BB-rated, B-rated and non-rated classes. |
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Agency RMBS. |
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Residential Mortgage Loans |
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Prime mortgage loans, which are mortgage loans that conform to the underwriting guidelines of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, which we refer to as Agency Guidelines; and jumbo prime mortgage loans, which are mortgage loans that conform to the Agency Guidelines except as to loan size. |
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Alt-A mortgage loans, which are mortgage loans that may have been originated using documentation |
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standards that are less stringent than the documentation standards applied by certain other first lien mortgage loan purchase programs, such as the Agency Guidelines, but have one or more compensating factors such as a borrower with a strong credit or mortgage history or significant assets. |
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Other
Asset-Backed Securities, or |
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Commercial mortgage-backed securities, or CMBS. |
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Debt and equity tranches of collateralized debt obligations, or CDOs. |
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Consumer and non-consumer ABS, including investment-grade and non-investment grade classes, including the BB-rated, B-rated and non-rated classes. |
Our Financing Strategy
We use leverage to increase potential returns to our stockholders. We are not required to maintain any specific debt-to-equity ratio as we believe the appropriate leverage for the particular assets we are financing depends on the credit quality and risk of those assets. Subject to maintaining our REIT qualification, we may use a number of sources to finance our investments, including repurchase agreements, warehouse facilities, securitization, asset-backed commercial paper, and term financing structures.
Our ability to fund our investments on a leveraged basis depends to a large extent upon our ability to secure warehouse, repurchase, credit, and/or commercial paper financing on acceptable terms. The current dislocation in the non-Agency mortgage sector has made it difficult for us to obtain short-term financing on favorable terms. As a result, we have completed loan securitizations in order to obtain long-term financing and terminated our un-utilized whole loan repurchase agreements in order to avoid paying non-usage fees under those agreements.
We have entered into a RMBS repurchase agreement with Annaly. This agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants contained in such agreements. Our RMBS repurchase agreement with Annaly is secured by the RMBS pledged under the agreement. We may invest the net proceeds from the sale of securities offered by this prospectus to finance assets and we may use part of the net proceeds to pay down amounts borrowed under our repurchase agreement with Annaly. We cannot assure you that Annaly will continue to provide us with such financing. If Annaly does not provide us with financing, we cannot assure you that we will be able to replace such financing. If we are not able to replace this financing, we could be forced to sell our assets at an inopportune time when prices are depressed.
We have entered into a RMBS repurchase agreement with RCap Securities, Inc., or RCap, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Annaly. This agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants contained in such agreements. Our RMBS repurchase
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agreement with RCap is secured by the RMBS pledged under the agreement. We cannot assure you that RCap will continue to provide us with such financing. If RCap does not provide us with financing, we cannot assure you that we will be able to replace such financing.
Stock Listing
Our common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol CIM.
Principal Executive Offices and Telephone Number
Our principal executive offices are located at 1211 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 2902, New York, New York 10036. Our telephone number is 1-866-315-9930.
Internet Address
Our internet address is www.chimerareit.com. Information contained on our internet website is not, and should not be interpreted to be, a part of this prospectus.
DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT AND SHARE PURCHASE PLAN
The Plan provides holders of record of our common stock an opportunity to automatically reinvest all or a portion of their cash distributions received on common stock in additional shares of our common stock as well as to make optional cash payments to purchase shares of our common stock. Persons who are not already stockholders may also purchase our common stock under the Plan through optional cash payments. The Administrator will buy, at our option, newly issued common stock directly from us or common stock in the open market or in negotiated transactions with third parties. Our common stock purchased directly from us under the Plan may be priced at a discount from market prices at the time of the investment (determined in accordance with the Plan) ranging from 0% to 3% in connection with optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000 per month. We refer to the date on which the Administrator purchases whole and fractional shares from your cash dividend, or initial and subsequent additional cash purchases as being the Investment Date. Any discount established by us for any Investment Date may be adjusted or suspended for any subsequent Investment Date. Please see Description of the Plan beginning on page 5 of this prospectus.
The Plan will be administered by the Administrator, which will be The Bank of New York Mellon, or any successor bank or trust company that we may from time to time designate. Certain of the administrative support to the Administrator may be performed by its designated affiliates.
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We intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of the securities offered by this prospectus to finance the acquisition of non-Agency RMBS, Agency RMBS, prime and Alt-A mortgage loans, CMBS, CDOs and other consumer or non-consumer ABS, subject to maintaining our REIT qualification and our 1940 Act exemption.
We may also use the proceeds for other general corporate purposes such as repayment of outstanding indebtedness (including indebtedness to our affiliates), working capital, and for liquidity needs. Pending any such uses, we may invest the net proceeds from the sale of any securities in interest-bearing short-term investments, including money market accounts that are consistent with our treatment as a REIT, or may use them to reduce short term indebtedness.
The Plan offers a variety of convenient, low-cost services to make it easier for you to invest in our common stock. The Plan, which is described in this section, has various features and you can choose the Plan features that meet your investment needs. The Plan is designed for long-term investors who wish to invest and build their share ownership over time. The Plan offers a convenient and economical means to own shares. Unlike an individual stock brokerage account, the timing of purchases and sales is subject to the provisions of the Plan, as discussed below. In addition, the Plan will provide us with a means of raising additional capital for general corporate purposes through the sale of common stock under the Plan.
You can participate in the Plan if you are a registered holder of our common stock. If you do not own our common stock, you can become a participant by making your initial purchase directly through the Plan. The Plan offers you the opportunity to reinvest dividends and provides an alternative to traditional methods of buying, holding and selling our common stock. The Administrator administers the Plan and certain administrative support will be provided by its designated affiliate.
Key features of the Plan
Anyone can participate
If you currently own our common stock registered in your name you may participate in the Plan. If you do not own any of our common stock, you can participate in the Plan by making your initial investment in common stock through the Plan with an initial investment of at least $1,000 and, unless we approve a Request for Waiver, not more than $10,000. Alternatively, you may authorize the automatic monthly investment feature and initiate your investment with only $250 and a commitment for at least four sequential purchases. We may change these minimum and maximum amounts at any time in our sole discretion.
Automatic dividend reinvestment
You can reinvest your dividends in additional shares of our common stock. Your dividends will be used to buy additional shares of our common stock at the prevailing market price on the dividend reinvestment date (determined by taking the unsolicited weighted average
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price, rounded to four decimal places, of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange).
Optional cash purchases up to $10,000
You can buy shares of our common stock without paying service charges or trading fees if you are a participant in the Plan. You can make monthly investments of as little as $250 (or $1,000 in the case of your initial investment), or as much as $10,000, and you can pay either by check or have your payment automatically deducted from your bank account. We may change these minimum and maximum amounts at any time in our sole discretion or we may suspend the right to make optional cash purchases for any monthly period or periods.
Optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000
Optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000 per month may be made pursuant to a written request and are not subject to a predetermined maximum limit on the amount of the investment. The discount, if any, on optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000 per month made pursuant to such requests will range from 0% to 3% and will be established at our discretion, along with, any other terms, after a review of current market conditions, the level of participation and our current and projected capital needs.
Convenient share sales
You can sell our common stock acquired through the Plan through the Administrator and pay fees that may be lower than those typically charged by stockbrokers for small transactions.
Full investment
Full investment of your funds is possible because you will be credited with both whole shares and fractional shares. Dividends will be paid not only on whole shares but also proportionately on fractional shares.
Share safekeeping
You can deposit your common stock certificates with the Administrator for safekeeping, at no cost to you. You can request withdrawal of any or all of your whole shares of our common stock. A certificate for those shares will be sent to you, free of charge.
Gifts and other share transfers
You can make gifts to others of our common stock in your Plan account.
Transaction reporting
You will receive a notice after each transaction showing the details and the share balance in your Plan account.
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Questions and answers describing terms and conditions of the Plan
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Can I participate in the Plan? |
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If you already own our common stock and the shares are registered in your name, you may participate immediately. If your shares are held for you in a brokerage account, you may make arrangements with your stockbroker to have some or all of the shares of our common stock registered directly in your name. If you do not currently own any of our common stock, you can participate by making an initial investment in our common stock through the Plan. Please see Question 8 for details regarding an initial investment. If you live outside the U.S., you should first determine if there are any laws or governmental regulations that would prohibit your participation in the Plan. We reserve the right to terminate participation of any stockholder if we deem it advisable under any foreign laws or regulations. |
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How do I get started? |
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Enrollment is available on-line through Investor ServiceDirect® (see Question number 26 for information on how to access Investor ServiceDirect®). Alternatively, you can get started in the Plan by completing an enrollment form along with the items required and mailing them to the Administrator. Your participation will begin promptly after your authorization is received. Once you have enrolled, your participation continues automatically, until you notify us otherwise. |
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How do I reinvest dividends? |
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You can choose to reinvest all or a portion of the cash dividends paid on shares of our common stock you own in additional shares of our common stock. To be effective with respect to a particular dividend, notice of your election must be received on or before the first business day prior to the record date for that dividend. A record date for a dividend normally precedes the payment of the dividend by approximately four weeks. You may change your election at any time by notifying the Administrator. To be effective with respect to a particular dividend, any such change must be received by the Administrator on or before the business day preceding the record date for that dividend. If you elect to reinvest your dividends, you must choose one of the following options: |
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Full dividend reinvestment. You may purchase additional shares of our common stock by reinvesting all of your cash dividends. |
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Partial dividend reinvestment. You may purchase additional shares of our common stock by reinvesting some of your dividends and receive the balance of your dividends in cash. If you choose to reinvest less than all of your dividends, you must specify the percentage of shares on which dividends will be reinvested. You may, of course, choose not to reinvest your dividends, in which case the Administrator will remit any dividends to you by check or direct deposit into your bank account. |
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When are dividends reinvested? |
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If you have chosen the dividend reinvestment feature and notice of such change has been received by the Administrator on or before the first business day preceding the record date for that dividend, the Administrator will invest dividends in additional shares of our common stock purchased on the open market or directly from us as promptly as practicable, on or after the dividend payment date. In the unlikely event that, due to unusual market conditions, the Administrator is unable to invest the funds within 30 days, the Administrator will remit the funds to you by check. No interest will be paid on funds held by the Administrator pending investment. |
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What is the source of shares to be purchased under the Plan? |
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All dividends reinvested through the Plan and all optional cash purchases will be used to purchase, in our sole discretion, either newly-issued shares directly from us or shares on the open market or a combination thereof. Shares purchased directly from us will consist of authorized but unissued shares of common stock. |
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At what price will shares be purchased? |
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The price of shares for dividend reinvestment and optional cash purchases of less than $10,000 will be determined as follows: |
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If the shares are purchased in the open market, the purchase price will be the average price per share of shares purchased. We will pay all trading fees in connection with open market purchases. |
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If the shares are purchased from us, the purchase price will be the volume weighted average price, rounded to four decimal places, of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange on the date the shares are purchased. |
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The purchase price for optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000 per month is discussed in response to Question 10. |
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When will shares be purchased under the Plan? |
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The Investment Date is the date or dates on which the Administrator purchases shares of our common stock for the Plan, as described below. |
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Dividend Reinvestments. If the Administrator acquires shares directly from us, it will combine the dividend funds of all Plan participants whose dividends are automatically reinvested and will generally invest such dividend funds on the dividend payment date. If the dividend payment date falls on a day that is not a NYSE trading day, then the Investment Date will be the next trading day. If the Administrator acquires shares from parties other than us through open market transactions, such purchases will occur during a period beginning on the dividend payment date, and continue on any succeeding trading days necessary to complete the order. To be effective with respect to a particular dividend, notice of your election must be received on or |
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before the first business day prior to the record date for that dividend. A record date for a dividend normally precedes the payment of the dividend by approximately four weeks. |
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Initial and Optional Cash Purchases up to $10,000. If the Administrator acquires shares directly from us, then the Investment Date for optional cash purchases up to $10,000 will be on the twenty-fifth calendar day of each month, or the next trading day if the twenty-fifth day is not a trading day. If the Administrator acquires shares from third parties other than us through open market transactions, it will attempt to buy our common stock in the open market through a registered broker-dealer. Such purchases will begin on the twenty-fifth calendar day of each month, or the next trading day if the twenty-fifth day is not a trading day, and will be completed no later than thirty-five days following such date, except where completion at a later date is necessary or advisable under any applicable federal or state securities laws or regulations. |
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For automatic monthly purchases, the amounts you have authorized will be withdrawn from your bank account on the 23rd day of each month, or on the next succeeding business day if the 23rd falls on a weekend or a holiday. |
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In the unlikely event that, due to unusual market conditions, the Administrator is unable to invest the funds within 35 days, the Administrator will return the funds to you by check. No interest will be paid on funds held by the Administrator pending investment. |
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To be effective with respect to a particular Investment Date, initial investments and optional cash purchases must be received by the Administrator prior to the applicable Investment Date. |
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Initial and Optional Cash Purchases in Excess of $10,000. The Investment Dates for optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000 per month are discussed in response to Question 10. |
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How do I make an initial investment? |
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If you do not own our common stock in a Plan account, you can make an initial cash purchase for as little as $1,000, but your initial cash purchase cannot exceed $10,000 unless we approve a Request for Waiver. Your initial cash purchase can be made: |
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Via on-line enrollment by: |
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Authorizing one deduction (minimum of $1,000) from your bank account; |
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Authorizing a minimum of four monthly automatic deductions of at least $250 from your bank account; or |
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Using the Enrollment Form and: |
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Making one payment (minimum of $1,000) by check payable to Chimera Investment Corporation/BNY Mellon; or |
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Authorizing a minimum of four monthly automatic deductions of at least $250 from your bank account. |
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We may change these minimum and maximum amounts at any time in our sole discretion or we may suspend the right to make optional cash payment or payments for any monthly period. In addition, in certain instances, we may permit optional cash purchases in excess of the maximum amount established by us. |
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All Plan accounts that we believe to be under common control or management or to have common ultimate beneficial ownership may be aggregated for purposes of determining compliance with the maximum purchase requirement limit. Unless we have determined that reinvestment of dividends and optional cash purchases for each such account would be consistent with the purposes of the Plan, we will have the right to aggregate all such accounts and to return, without interest, within thirty days of receipt, any amounts in excess of the investment limitations applicable to a single account received in respect of all such accounts. |
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9. |
How do I make optional cash purchases of less than $10,000? |
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If you already own our common stock and are enrolled in the Plan and want to make additional purchases, you can authorize an individual automatic deduction from your bank account through Investor ServiceDirect® or send a check to the Administrator for each purchase. If you choose to submit a check, please be sure to include the contribution form from your Plan statement and mail it to the address specified on the statement. Or, if you wish to make regular monthly purchases, you may authorize automatic monthly deductions from your bank account. This feature enables you to make ongoing investments in an amount that is comfortable for you, without having to write a check. Additional cash purchases are subject to a minimum purchase requirement of $250 per investment and a maximum of $10,000. |
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10. |
How do I make optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000? |
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You may ascertain whether we are accepting requests to make optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000 in any given month, and certain other important information, by telephoning the Administrator at (201) 680-5300. You should generally contact the Administrator on the first business day of the month to determine whether we are accepting such requests. |
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Request for Waiver. If you wish to make an optional cash purchase in excess of $10,000 (or other maximum amount established by us), you must obtain our prior written approval and a copy of such written approval must accompany any such optional cash purchase. We refer to such a request as being a Request for Waiver. We have sole discretion to grant any approval for optional cash purchases in excess of the allowable maximum amount. Unless you have complied with these procedures, any amount you submit for investment over $10,000 will be returned to you without interest. |
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You may make a Request for Waiver by contacting the Administrator at (201) 680-5300. Completed Request for Waiver forms should be submitted to the Administrator via facsimile at (201) 680-4688 no later than two business days prior to the applicable Pricing Period. |
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The Administrator will notify you as to whether your Request for Waiver has been granted or denied, either in whole or in part, within one business day of the receipt of your request. If your Request for Waiver is granted in part, the Administrator will advise you of the maximum amount that will be accepted from you in connection with your purchase. If your request is approved, the Administrator must receive the funds for your purchase prior to or on the applicable date specified by the Administrator for the relevant Pricing Period (which typically will be one business day prior to the applicable Pricing Period). If you do not receive a response from the Administrator in connection with your Request for Waiver, you should assume that we have denied your request.
We may alter, amend, supplement or waive, in our sole discretion, the time periods and/or other parameters relating to optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000 made by one or more participants in the Plan or new investors, at any time and from time to time, prior to the granting of any Request for Waiver. For more information regarding a particular Pricing Period (including applicable Pricing Period start dates), please contact the Administrator at (201) 680-5300.
Purchase Price of Shares for Optional Cash Purchases in Excess of $10,000. Shares purchased pursuant to an approved Request for Waiver will be purchased directly from us as described herein, including the establishment of a Threshold Price as more fully described below. The Purchase Price may be reduced by the Waiver Discounts that we have provided for optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000 on each Investment Date. If we grant your request to purchase shares pursuant to a Request for Waiver, there will be a Pricing Period, which will generally consist of one to 12 separate days during which trading of our common stock is reported on the New York Stock Exchange during the applicable Pricing Period. Each of these separate days will be an Investment Date, and an equal proportion of your optional cash purchase will be invested on each trading day during such Pricing Period, subject to the qualifications listed below. The purchase price for shares acquired on a particular Investment Date will be equal to 100% (subject to change as provided below) of the unsolicited volume weighted average price, rounded to four decimal places, of our common stock as reported by the New York Stock Exchange only, obtained from Bloomberg, LP for the trading hours from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, for that Investment Date (including the last trade on the New York Stock Exchange even if reported after 4:00 p.m.). With respect to optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000, we will not set an Investment Date to be the same date as a dividend payment date.
The Administrator will apply all optional cash purchases made pursuant to a Request for Waiver for which good funds are received on or before the first business day before the Pricing Period to the purchase of shares of our common stock on each Investment Date of the applicable Pricing Period.
Threshold Price. We may establish for a Pricing Period a minimum price (or the Threshold Price) applicable to optional cash purchases made pursuant to a Request for Waiver. At least three business days prior to the first day of the applicable Pricing Period, we will determine whether to establish a Threshold Price, and if the Threshold Price is established, its amount, and will so notify the Administrator. This determination will be made by us in our discretion after a review of current market conditions, the level of participation in the Plan, and current and projected capital needs.
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If established for any Pricing Period, the Threshold Price will be stated as a dollar amount that the unsolicited volume weighted average price, rounded to four decimal places, of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange, obtained from Bloomberg, LP for the trading hours from 9:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, for each trading day of such Pricing Period (not adjusted for discounts, if any) must equal or exceed. Except as provided below, we will exclude from the Pricing Period any trading day that the unsolicited volume weighted average price is less than the Threshold Price. We also will exclude from the Pricing Period and from the determination of the purchase price any day in which no trades of common stock are made on the New York Stock Exchange. For example, if the Threshold Price is not met for two of the trading days in a 10 day Pricing Period, then we will return 20% of the funds you submitted in connection with your Request for Waiver unless we have activated the pricing period extension feature for the Pricing Period which is described below.
Pricing Period Extension Feature. We may elect to activate for any particular Pricing Period the pricing period extension feature which will provide that the initial Pricing Period will be extended by the number of days that the Threshold Price is not satisfied, or on which there are no trades of our common stock reported by the New York Stock Exchange, subject to a maximum of five trading days. If we elect to activate the pricing period extension feature and the Threshold Price is satisfied for any additional day that has been added to the initial Pricing Period, that day will be included as one of the trading days for the Pricing Period in lieu of the day on which the Threshold Price was not met or trades of our common stock were not reported. For example, if the determined Pricing Period is 10 days, and the Threshold Price is not satisfied for three out of those 10 days in the initial Pricing Period, and we had previously announced at the time of the Request for Waiver acceptance that the pricing period extension feature was activated, then the Pricing Period will automatically be extended, and if the Threshold Price is satisfied on the next three trading days (or a subset thereof), then those three days (or a subset thereof) will become Investment Days in lieu of the three days on which the Threshold Price was not met. As a result, because there were 10 trading days during the initial and extended Pricing Period on which the Threshold Price was satisfied, all of the optional cash purchase will be invested.
Return of Unsubscribed Funds. We will return a portion of each optional cash purchase in excess of $10,000 for each trading day of a Pricing Period or extended Pricing Period, if applicable, for which the Threshold Price is not met or for each day in which no trades of common stock are reported on the New York Stock Exchange (unsubscribed funds). Any unsubscribed funds will be returned within five business days after the last day of the Pricing Period, or if applicable, the extended Pricing Period, without interest. The amount returned will be based on the number of days during which the Threshold Price was not met with compared to the number of days in the Pricing Period or extended Pricing Period. For example, the returned amount in a 10 day Pricing Period will equal one-tenth (1/10) of the total amount of such optional cash purchase (not just the amount exceeding $10,000) for each trading day that the Threshold Price is not met or for each trading day in which sales are not reported.
The establishment of the Threshold Price and the possible return of a portion of the investment applies only to optional cash purchases in excess of $10,000. Setting a Threshold Price for a Pricing Period will not affect the setting of a Threshold Price for any other Pricing Period. We may waive our right to set a Threshold Price for any particular Pricing Period.
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Neither we nor the Administrator is required to give you notice of the Threshold Price for any Pricing Period.
Waiver Discount. At least one business day prior to the first day of the applicable Pricing Period, the same time the Threshold Price is determined, we may establish discounts from the market price applicable to optional cash purchases made pursuant to a Request for Waiver. These discounts (or the Waiver Discounts) may be between 0% and 3% of the purchase price, and may vary for each Pricing Period and for each purchaser.
The Waiver Discounts will be established at our sole discretion after a review of current market conditions, the level of participation in the Plan, the attractiveness of obtaining such additional funds through the sale of common stock as compared to other sources of funds and current and projected capital needs. You may obtain the Waiver Discounts applicable to the next Pricing Period by contacting the Administrator at (201) 680-5300. Setting Waiver Discounts for a particular Pricing Period shall not affect the setting of Waiver Discounts for any subsequent Pricing Period. The Waiver Discounts will apply only to optional cash purchases of more than $10,000 (or other applicable maximum monthly amount). The Waiver Discounts will apply to the entire optional cash purchase and not just the portion of the optional cash purchase that exceeds $10,000.
Settlement. Newly issued shares purchased pursuant to a Request for Waiver will be posted to your account within three (3) business days following the end of the applicable Pricing Period. Alternatively, we may elect to activate the continuous settlement feature, pursuant to which shares will be posted to your account within three (3) business days of each separate Investment Date beginning on the first Investment Date in the relevant Pricing Period and ending on the final Investment Date in the relevant Pricing Period, with an equal amount being invested on each day, subject to the qualifications set forth above. Anytime we propose to grant Requests for Waiver for one or more investments, we may elect to activate the continuous settlement feature for such investments by announcing in the bid-waiver form that we will be doing so. Under the continuous settlement feature, we would have a separate settlement of each Investment Dates purchases, each based on the volume-weighted average price for the trading day (as described above) relating to each of the Investment Dates during the Pricing Period.
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11. |
Will I receive certificates for shares purchased? |
No, because the Plan provides for share safekeeping. For your convenience, the Administrator will maintain shares purchased under the Plan in your name in non-certificated form. You may, however, request a stock certificate from the Administrator at any time, free of charge.
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12. |
What is safekeeping? |
Shares of our common stock that you buy under the Plan will be maintained in your Plan account in certificated form for safekeeping. Safekeeping protects your shares against loss, theft or accidental destruction and also provides a convenient way for you to keep track of your shares. Only shares held in safekeeping may be sold through the Plan.
If you own our common stock in certificate form, you may deposit your certificates for those shares with the Administrator, free of charge. The Administrator will provide mail loss insurance coverage for certificates with a value not exceeding $100,000 in any one shipping package that is mailed to its address at 500 Ross Street, Room 0675, Pittsburgh, PA 15262 by USPS registered mail or by any overnight courier.
Note: Mail loss insurance covers only the replacement of shares of stock and in no way protects against any loss resulting from fluctuations in the value of such shares.
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13. |
Can I get stock certificates if I want them? |
Yes. If you should ever want a stock certificate for all or a portion of the whole shares of our common stock in your Plan account, the Administrator will send one to you, upon your written request, within two days of the receipt of your instructions.
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14. |
How can I transfer or give gifts of shares? |
You may transfer or give gifts of our common stock to anyone you choose by contacting the Administrator and requesting a Gift/Transfer Form. After the transfer or purchase is completed, upon your request, the Administrator will send you a non-negotiable gift announcement, which you can present to the recipient. A notice indicating the deposit of our common stock will be forwarded to the recipient.
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15. |
How do I sell shares? |
You can sell your Plan shares at any time by contacting the Administrator. Your sale request will be processed and your shares will, subject to market conditions and other factors, generally be sold within 24 hours of receipt of your request. Please note that the Administrator cannot and does not guarantee the actual sale date or price, nor can it stop or cancel any outstanding sales or issuance requests. All requests for sales are final. The Administrator will mail a check to you (less any applicable sales fees and any required tax withholdings) on settlement date, which is three business days after your shares have been sold.
Alternatively, you may choose to sell your shares through a stockbroker of your choice, in which case you would have to request that the Administrator deliver to your stockbroker by electronic book-entry means the number of shares you propose to sell, or a stock certificate for delivery to your stockholder prior to settlement of such sale.
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16. |
What are the costs for participation in the Plan? |
There is no fee for enrolling in the Plan. Participation is voluntary and you may discontinue your participation at any time, however, there are fees associated with some of the Plans services. Please see Plan Service Fees below.
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17. |
How can I vote my shares? |
You will receive proxy material for all whole shares in your Plan account. Fractional shares may not be voted. The proxy will be voted in accordance with your direction. The Administrator may vote your shares in certain cases if you do not return a proxy to the Administrator.
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18. |
If there is a rights offering related to the common stock, how will a stockholders entitlement be computed? |
Your entitlement in a rights offering related to the common stock will be based upon the number of whole shares credited to your Plan account. Rights based on a fraction of a share credited to your Plan account will be sold for that account and the net proceeds will be invested as an optional cash purchase on the next Investment Date. In the event of a rights offering, transaction processing may be curtailed or suspended by the Administrator for a short period of time following the record date for such action to permit the Administrator to calculate the rights allocable to each account.
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19. |
What provisions are made for non-U.S. residents? |
Cash purchases from non-U.S. residents must be in United States currency and will be invested in the same manner as investments from other stockholders. Each stockholder is responsible for reviewing the applicable laws of his or her country of residence prior to investing in our common stock. All dividends will be subject to withholding at the rate of 30%, subject to reduction under the terms of any applicable tax treaty provisions.
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20. |
How will I keep track of my investments? |
The Administrator will send you a transaction notice confirming the details of each transaction you make. If you continue to participate in the Plan, but have no transactions, the Administrator will send you an annual statement after the end of the year detailing the status of your holdings of our common stock in your Plan account.
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21. |
What about taxes? |
You are responsible for any taxes which may be payable on dividends reinvested under the Plan. Additionally, under current tax rulings, your pro-rata portion of the trading fees paid by us to purchase shares in the open market and any purchase discounts will be considered taxable income to you. The Administrator will send a Form 1099-DIV to you and the Internal Revenue Service after each year-end, reporting all dividend income you received during the year
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on your common stock, including any dividends reinvested, purchase discounts and pro rata portion of trading fees paid by us to acquire shares in the open market.
If you sell shares through the Plan, the Administrator will send a Form 1099-B to you and the Internal Revenue Service after each year-end, showing the total proceeds of the transactions.
We recommend that you keep your transaction statements for record keeping and tax purposes. IRS regulations are subject to change and you should consult with your tax advisor with respect to the tax treatment of dividends reinvested under the Plan. See the discussion below under Material Federal Income Tax Considerations for more information regarding taxes.
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22. |
How would I terminate my participation in the Plan? |
You may discontinue the reinvestment of your dividends at any time by giving notice to the Administrator. Notice may be made by telephone, in writing or by changing your dividend election under the account management service when you access your account on-line at www.bnymellon.com/shareowner/isd. To be effective for a given dividend payment, the Administrator must receive notice before the record date of that dividend. The Administrator will continue to hold your shares unless you request a certificate for any full shares and a check for any fractional share. You may also request the sale of all or part of any such shares or have the Administrator transfer your shares to your brokerage account. See Question 15 for information on selling shares. If your Plan account balance falls below one full share, the Administrator reserves the right to liquidate the fraction and remit the proceeds, less any applicable fees, to you at your address of record.
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23. |
Are there any risks associated with the Plan? |
Your investment in shares purchased under the Plan is no different from any investment in shares you hold directly. Neither we nor the Administrator can assure a profit or protect you against a loss on shares purchased. You bear the risk of loss and enjoy the benefits of any gain from market price changes with respect to shares purchased under the Plan. Please carefully consider the risk factors in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, and all subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, which are incorporated by reference in this prospectus.
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24. |
Can the Plan be amended, modified, suspended or terminated? |
We reserve the right to amend, modify, suspend or terminate the Plan at any time and in any manner. You will receive written notice of any such amendment, modification, suspension or termination. We and the Administrator also reserve the right to change any administrative procedures of the Plan.
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25. |
What are Chimeras responsibilities and those of the Administrator? |
Neither we nor the Administrator will be liable for any act we or they do in good faith or for any good faith omission to act including, in the case of the Administrator, liability arising out of (i) failure to terminate a participants account upon such participants death or adjudicated incompetence, prior to the receipt of notice in writing of such death or adjudicated incompetence,
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(ii) the prices at which shares are purchased for the participants account, (iii) the times when purchases are made, or (iv) fluctuations in the market value of our common stock. The payment of dividends is at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon future earnings, our financial condition and other factors. Our Board of Directors may change the amount and timing of dividends at any time without notice.
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26. |
What if I have questions about the Plan? |
Enrollment, purchase or sale of share requests and other transactions or services offered by the Plan should be directed to the Administrator through the following:
Internet
You can enroll in the Plan, obtain information, and perform certain transactions on your Chimera account on-line via Investor ServiceDirect®. New investors will need to establish a Personal Identification Number (PIN) when setting up their account. Existing stockholders will need to use the Investor Identification Number (IID) which can be found in a bolded box on your check stub, statement, or advice to establish your PIN. In order to access your account through ISD, you will be required to complete an account activation process. This one-time authentication process will be used to validate your identity in addition to your IID and self-assigned PIN. To access Investor ServiceDirect® please visit the Administrators website at:
www.bnymellon.com/shareowner/isd
Telephone
Telephone shareholder customer service, including sale of shares, toll-free within the United States and Canada:
1-877-239-3308
International Telephone Inquiries:
1-201-680-6578
An automated voice response system is available 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Customer Service Representatives are available from 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., Eastern Standard Time, Monday through Friday (except holidays).
In Writing
You may also write to the Administrator at the following address:
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The Bank of New York Mellon |
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Shareowner Services |
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P.O. Box 358035 |
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Pittsburgh, PA 15252-8035 |
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Be sure to include your name, address, daytime phone number, Investor ID and a reference to Chimera Investment Corporation on all correspondence.
This Plan is designed for the long-term investor and does not afford the same flexibility as a stockbrokers account.
Chimera has appointed The Bank of New York Mellon as Administrator for the Plan. Securities held by the Administrator in your Plan account are not subject to protection under the Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970. Commissions may be paid to a broker-dealer that is affiliated with the Administrator. Investors must make independent investment decisions based upon their own judgment and research. Chimera is listed on the New York Stock Exchange and trades under the ticker symbol CIM.
Plan Service Fees
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Enrollment Fee for New Investors |
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No Charge |
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Initial Purchase of Shares: |
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No Charge |
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Sale of Shares (partial or full): |
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Transaction Fee: |
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$15.00 per sale transaction |
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Trading fees (applicable when shares are sold in the open market): |
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$0.06 per share |
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Reinvestment of Dividends: |
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No Charge |
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Optional cash purchases via check, automatic debit or individual debit |
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No Charge |
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Gift or Transfer of Shares |
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No Charge |
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Safekeeping of Stock Certificates Certificate Issuance |
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No Charge |
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Returned Checks for Insufficient Funds or Rejected Automatic Withdrawals |
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$35.00 per item |
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Duplicate Statements: |
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No Charge |
The Administrator will deduct the applicable fees from the proceeds from a sale.
We reserve the right to amend or modify this Plan Service Fee schedule at any time and from time to time.
MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
This section summarizes the material federal income tax considerations that you, as an Owner (as defined in the immediately succeeding paragraph) of shares of capital stock, may consider relevant. K&L Gates LLP has acted as our tax counsel, has reviewed this section and is of the opinion that the discussion contained herein fairly summarizes the federal income tax consequences that are likely to be material to an Owner of our shares of capital stock. Because this section is a summary, it does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to
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particular Owners of our capital stock in light of their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to certain types of Owners that are subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations (except to the extent discussed in Taxation of Owners,Taxation of Tax-Exempt Owners below), regulated investment companies, partnerships and other pass-through entities (including entities classified as partnerships for federal income tax purposes), financial institutions or broker-dealers, and non-U.S. individuals and foreign corporations (except to the extent discussed in Taxation of Owners,Taxation of Foreign Owners below) and other persons subject to special tax rules.
You should be aware that in this section, when we use the term:
Code, we mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended;
Disqualified organization, we mean any organization described in section 860E(e)(5) of the Code, including:
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the United States; |
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any state or political subdivision of the United States; |
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any foreign government; |
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any international organization; |
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any agency or instrumentality of any of the foregoing; |
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any charitable remainder trust or other tax-exempt organization, other than a farmers cooperative described in section 521 of the Code, that is exempt both from income taxation and from taxation under the unrelated business taxable income provisions of the Code; and |
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any rural electrical or telephone cooperative; |
Domestic Owner, we mean an Owner that is a U.S. Person;
Foreign Owner, we mean an Owner that is not a U.S. Person;
IRS, we mean the Internal Revenue Service;
Owner, we mean any person having a beneficial ownership interest in shares of our capital stock;
TMP, we mean a taxable mortgage pool as that term is defined in section 7701(i)(2) of the Code;
TRS, we mean a taxable REIT subsidiary described under Requirements for QualificationTaxable REIT Subsidiaries below;
U.S. Person, we mean (i) a citizen or resident of the United States; (ii) a corporation (or entity treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes) created or organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof, including, for this purpose, the District of Columbia; (iii) a partnership (or entity treated as a
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partnership for tax purposes) organized in the United States or under the laws of the United States or of any state thereof, including, for this purpose, the District of Columbia (unless provided otherwise by future Treasury regulations); (iv) an estate whose income is includible in gross income for federal income tax purposes regardless of its source; or (v) a trust, if a court within the United States is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of the trust and one or more U.S. Persons have authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. Notwithstanding the preceding clause, to the extent provided in Treasury regulations, certain trusts that were in existence on August 20, 1996, that were treated as U.S. Persons prior to such date, and that elect to continue to be treated as U.S. Persons, also are U.S. Persons.
The statements in this section and the opinion of K&L Gates LLP are based on the current federal income tax laws. We cannot assure you that new laws, interpretations of law or court decisions, any of which may take effect retroactively, will not cause any statement in this section to be inaccurate. No assurance can be given that the IRS would not assert, or that a court would not sustain, a position contrary to any of the tax consequences described below. We have not sought and will not seek an advance ruling from the IRS regarding any matter in this prospectus.
This summary provides general information only and is not tax advice. We urge you to consult your tax advisor regarding the specific tax consequences to you of the purchase, ownership and sale of our capital stock and of our election to be taxed as a REIT. Specifically, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local, foreign, and other tax consequences of such purchase, ownership, sale and election, and regarding potential changes in applicable tax laws.
Taxation of Our Company
We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code commencing with our short taxable year ending on December 31, 2007. We believe that we were organized and have operated and will continue to operate in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the federal income tax laws, but no assurances can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. This section discusses the laws governing the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and the owners of REIT stock. These laws are highly technical and complex.
In the opinion of K&L Gates LLP, our counsel, we have qualified to be taxed as a REIT beginning with our taxable year ended on December 31, 2007, and our organization and current and proposed method of operation will enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. Investors should be aware that K&L Gates LLPs opinion is based upon customary assumptions, is conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our assets and the conduct of our business, and is not binding upon the IRS or any court.
In addition, K&L Gates LLPs opinion is based on existing federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, certain qualification tests set
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forth in the federal income tax laws. Those qualification tests involve the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that falls within specified categories, the diversity of our stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. K&L Gates LLP will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to qualify as a REIT, see Failure to Qualify.
If we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income that we currently distribute to our stockholders, but taxable income generated by our domestic TRSs, if any, will be subject to regular federal (and applicable state and local) corporate income tax. However, we will be subject to federal tax in the following circumstances:
We will pay federal income tax on our taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders during, or within a specified time period after, the calendar year in which the income is earned.
We may be subject to the alternative minimum tax.
We will pay federal income tax at the highest corporate rate on:
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net income from the sale or other disposition of property acquired through foreclosure, which we refer to as foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, and |
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other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property. |
We will pay a 100% tax on net income earned from sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.
If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below under Gross Income Tests, but nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT because we meet other requirements, we will be subject to a 100% tax on:
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the greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, multiplied, in either case, by |
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a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. |
If we fail to satisfy the asset tests by more than a de minimis amount, as described below under Asset Tests, as long as the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we dispose of the assets or otherwise comply with such asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify such failure and we file a schedule with the IRS describing the assets that caused such failure, we will pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or 35% of the net income from the non-qualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy such asset tests.
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If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, and such failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.
We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet recordkeeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of a REITs stockholders, as described below in Requirements for Qualification.
If we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum of: (i) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year, (ii) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from earlier periods, we will pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of the amount we actually distributed and any retained amounts on which income tax has been paid at the corporate level.
We may elect to retain and pay federal income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, a Domestic Owner would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain (to the extent that we make a timely designation of such gain to the stockholder) and would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid.
We will be subject to a 100% excise tax on transactions between us and any of our TRSs that are not conducted on an arms-length basis.
If (a) we recognize excess inclusion income for a taxable year as a result of our ownership of a 100% equity interest in a TMP or our ownership of a REMIC residual interest and (b) one or more Disqualified Organizations is the record owner of shares of our capital stock during that year, then we will be subject to tax at the highest corporate federal income tax rate on the portion of the excess inclusion income that is allocable to the Disqualified Organizations. We do not anticipate owning REMIC residual interests; we may, however, own 100% of the equity interests in one or more CDO offerings or one or more trusts formed in connection with our securitization transactions, but intend to structure each CDO offering and each securitization transaction so that the issuing entity would not be classified as a TMP. See Taxable Mortgage Pools.
If we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or a corporation that generally is subject to full corporate-level tax, in a merger or other transaction in which we acquire a basis in the asset that is determined by reference either to the C corporations basis in the asset or to another asset, we will pay tax at the highest corporate federal income tax rate if we recognize gain on the sale or disposition of the asset during the 10-year period after we acquire the asset. The amount of gain on which we will pay tax is the lesser of:
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the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or disposition, and |
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the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold the asset at the time we acquired it, assuming that the C corporation will not elect in lieu of this treatment to an immediate tax when the asset is acquired. |
In addition, notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we may also have to pay certain state and local income taxes because not all states and localities treat REITs in the same manner that they are treated for federal income tax purposes. Moreover, as further described below, any
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domestic TRS in which we own an interest will be subject to federal, state and local corporate income tax on its taxable income. We could also be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.
Requirements for Qualification
A REIT is a corporation, trust, or association that meets each of the following requirements:
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It is managed by one or more trustees or directors. |
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Its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest. |
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It would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for the REIT provisions of the federal income tax laws. |
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It is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to special provisions of the federal income tax laws. |
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At least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its shares or ownership certificates. |
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Not more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares or ownership certificates is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, which the federal income tax laws define to include certain entities, during the last half of any taxable year. For purposes of this requirement, indirect ownership will be determined by applying attribution rules set out in section 544 of the Code, as modified by section 856(h) of the Code. |
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It elects to be taxed as a REIT, or has made such election for a previous taxable year, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements that must be met to elect and maintain REIT qualification. |
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It meets certain other qualification tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets. |
We must meet requirements 1 through 4 during our entire taxable year and must meet requirement 5 during at least 335 days of a taxable year of twelve months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than twelve months. Requirements 5 and 6 applied to us beginning with our 2008 taxable year. If we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining the ownership of our outstanding stock in a taxable year and have no reason to know that we violated requirement 6, we will be deemed to have satisfied requirement 6 for that taxable year. For purposes of determining share ownership under requirement 6, an individual generally includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation, or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. An individual generally does not include a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust under the federal income tax laws, however, and beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as owning our stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of requirement 6.
We believe that our shares are held with sufficient diversity of ownership to satisfy requirements 5 and 6. In addition, our charter restricts the ownership and transfer of our stock so that we should continue to satisfy these requirements. The provisions of our charter restricting
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the ownership and transfer of our capital stock are described in Description of Capital StockRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer.
To monitor compliance with the share ownership requirements, we generally are required to maintain records regarding the actual ownership of our shares. To do so, we must demand written statements each year from the record holders of significant percentages of our stock pursuant to which the record holders must disclose the actual owners of the shares (i.e., the persons required to include our dividends in their gross income). We must maintain a list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand as part of our records. We could be subject to monetary penalties if we fail to comply with these record keeping requirements. If you fail or refuse to comply with the demands, you will be required by Treasury Regulations to submit a statement with your tax return disclosing your actual ownership of our shares and other information. In addition, we must satisfy all relevant filing and other administrative requirements that must be met to elect and maintain REIT qualification and use a calendar year for federal income tax purposes. We intend to continue to comply with these requirements.
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries
A corporation that is a qualified REIT subsidiary is not treated as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. All assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction and credit of a qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction and credit of the REIT. A qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation, other than a TRS, all of the capital stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described herein, any qualified REIT subsidiary that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction and credit of such subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction and credit. If we own 100% of the equity interests in a CDO issuer or other securitization vehicle that is treated as a corporation for tax purposes, that CDO issuer or other securitization vehicle would be a qualified REIT subsidiary, unless we and the CDO issuer or other securitization vehicle jointly elect to treat the CDO issuer or other securitization vehicle as a TRS. It is anticipated that CDO financings we enter into will be treated as qualified REIT subsidiaries.
Other Disregarded Entities and Partnerships
An unincorporated domestic entity, such as a partnership, limited liability company, or trust that has a single owner generally is not treated as an entity separate from its parent for federal income tax purposes. An unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners generally is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership that has other partners, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. For purposes of the 10% value test (see Asset Tests), our proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the equity interests and certain debt securities issued by the partnership. For all of the other asset and income tests, our proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the capital interests in the partnership. Our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, and items of income of any partnership, joint venture or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we acquire an interest, directly or indirectly, will be treated
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as our assets and gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT qualification requirements.
If a disregarded subsidiary of ours ceases to be wholly-ownedfor example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us or another disregarded subsidiary of oursthe subsidiarys separate existence would no longer be disregarded for federal income tax purposes. Instead, the subsidiary would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities of another corporation. See Asset Tests and Gross Income Tests.
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
A REIT is permitted to own up to 100% of the stock of one or more TRSs. A TRS is a fully taxable corporation that may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. The subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation with respect to which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. We generally may not own more than 10%, as measured by voting power or value, of the securities of a corporation that is not a qualified REIT subsidiary unless we and such corporation elect to treat such corporation as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REITs assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs.
The separate existence of a TRS or other taxable corporation, unlike a qualified REIT subsidiary or other disregarded subsidiary as discussed above, is not ignored for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, a domestic TRS would generally be subject to federal (and applicable state and local income tax) corporate income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow generated by us and our subsidiaries in the aggregate and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
A REIT is not treated as holding the assets of a TRS or other taxable subsidiary corporation or as receiving any income that the subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued by the subsidiary is an asset in the hands of the REIT, and the REIT generally recognizes as income the dividends, if any, that it receives from the subsidiary. This treatment can affect the gross income and asset test calculations that apply to the REIT, as described below. Because a parent REIT does not include the assets and income of such subsidiary corporations in determining the parents compliance with the REIT requirements, such entities may be used by the parent REIT to undertake indirectly activities that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude it from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries or render commercially unfeasible (for example, activities that give rise to certain categories of income such as non-qualifying hedging income or inventory sales).
Certain restrictions imposed on TRSs are intended to ensure that such entities will be subject to appropriate levels of U.S. federal income taxation. If a TRS that has for any taxable year both (i) a debt-to-equity ratio in excess of 1.5 to 1, and (ii) accrued interest expense in
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excess of accrued interest income, then the TRS may be denied an interest expense deduction for a portion of the interest expense accrued on indebtedness owed to the parent REIT (although the TRS can carry forward the amount disallowed to subsequent taxable years). In addition, if amounts are paid to a REIT or deducted by a TRS due to transactions between the REIT and a TRS that exceed the amount that would be paid to or deducted by a party in an arms-length transaction, the REIT generally will be subject to an excise tax equal to 100% of such excess. We intend to scrutinize all of our transactions with any of our subsidiaries that are treated as a TRS in an effort to ensure that we do not become subject to this excise tax; however, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in avoiding this excise tax.
Gross Income Tests
We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of defined types of income that we derive from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, or from qualified temporary investments. Qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test generally includes:
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interest on debt secured by a mortgage on real property or on interests in real property; |
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dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of, shares in other REITs; |
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gain from the sale of real estate assets; |
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any amount includible in gross income with respect to a regular or residual interest in a REMIC, unless less than 95% of the REMICs assets are real estate assets, in which case only a proportionate amount of such income will qualify; and |
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income derived from certain temporary investments. |
Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of interest and dividends, gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities (provided that such stock or securities are not inventory property, i.e., property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business) or any combination of these.
Gross income from the sale of inventory property is excluded from both the numerator and the denominator in both income tests. Income and gain from hedging transactions that we enter into to hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets will generally be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for purposes of the 95% gross income test and the 75% gross income test. We intend to monitor the amount of our non-qualifying income and manage our investment portfolio to comply at all times with the gross income tests but we cannot assure you that we will be successful in this effort.
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Interest
The term interest, as defined for purposes of both gross income tests, generally excludes any amount that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, interest generally includes the following: (i) an amount that is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of gross receipts or sales and (ii) an amount that is based on the income or profits of a borrower, where the borrower derives substantially all of its income from the real property securing the debt by leasing substantially all of its interest in the property, but only to the extent that the amounts received by the borrower would be qualifying rents from real property if received directly by a REIT.
If a loan contains a provision that entitles a REIT to a percentage of the borrowers gain upon the sale of the real property securing the loan or a percentage of the appreciation in the propertys value as of a specific date, income attributable to that loan provision will be treated as gain from the sale of the property securing the loan, which generally is qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.
Interest, including original issue discount or market discount, that we accrue on our real estate-related investments generally will be qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests. However, many of our investments will not be secured by mortgages on real property or interests in real property. Our interest income from those investments will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not the 75% gross income test. In addition, as discussed below, if the fair market value of the real estate securing any of our investments is less than the principal amount of the underlying loan, a portion of the income from that investment will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not the 75% gross income test.
Where a mortgage covers both real property and other property, an apportionment of interest income must be made for purposes of the 75% gross income test. If a mortgage covers both real property and other property and the fair market value of the real property securing the mortgage loan at the time we commit to originate or acquire the mortgage loan equals or exceeds the highest principal amount of the loan during the year, then all of the interest we accrue on the mortgage loan will qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test. If, however, the value of the real property were less than the highest principal amount, then only a portion of the interest income we accrue on the mortgage loan would qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test; such portion based on the percentage equivalent of a fraction, the numerator of which is the fair market value of the real property and the denominator of which is the principal amount of the mortgage loan.
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Fee Income
We may receive various fees in connection with our operations. The fees will be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% gross income and 95% gross income tests if they are received in consideration for entering into an agreement to make a loan secured by a mortgage on real property or an interest in real property and the fees are not determined by income or profits of any person. Other fees are not qualifying income for purposes of either gross income test. Any fees earned by our TRS will not be included for purposes of the gross income tests.
Dividends
Our share of any dividends received from any corporation (including any TRS that we own, but excluding any REIT or any qualified REIT subsidiary) in which we own an equity interest will qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Our share of any dividends received from any other REIT in which we own an equity interest will be qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.
Rents from Real Property
We currently do not intend to acquire real property with the proceeds of offerings of these securities.
Hedging Transactions
We may, from time to time, enter into hedging transactions with respect to the interest rate risk associated with our borrowings. To the extent that we enter into a contract to hedge interest rate risk on indebtedness incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets and comply with specific tax documentation requirements, any income and gain from such hedging transaction will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test and the 75% gross income test. To the extent that we hedge for certain other purposes, the resultant income or gain will be treated as income that does not qualify under the 95% gross income test or the 75% gross income test. We intend to structure any hedging transaction in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT but we cannot assure you that we will be successful in this regard. We may conduct some or all of our hedging activities through a TRS, the income from which may be subject to federal income tax, rather than participating in the arrangements directly or through a partnership, qualified REIT subsidiary or other disregarded subsidiary. No assurance can be given, however, that our hedging activities will not give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of either or both of the REIT gross income tests, and will not adversely affect our ability to satisfy the REIT qualification requirements.
Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests
We intend to monitor the amount of our non-qualifying income and manage our assets to comply with the gross income tests for each taxable year for which we seek to maintain our status as a REIT. We cannot assure you, however, that we will be able to satisfy the gross
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income tests. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for such year if we qualify for relief under certain provisions of the Code. These relief provisions will be generally available if (i) our failure to meet such tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, and (ii) we file with the IRS a schedule describing the sources of our gross income in accordance with Treasury Regulations. We cannot predict, however, whether in all circumstances, we would qualify for the benefit of these relief provisions. In addition, as discussed above under Taxation of Our Company, even if the relief provisions apply, a tax would be imposed upon the amount by which we fail to satisfy the particular gross income test.
Asset Tests
To qualify as a REIT, we also must satisfy the following asset tests at the end of each quarter of each taxable year. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must consist of some combination of real estate assets, cash, cash items, government securities, and, under some circumstances, stock or debt instruments purchased with new capital. For this purpose, the term real estate assets includes interests in real property (including leaseholds and options to acquire real property and leaseholds), stock of other corporations that qualify as REITs and interests in mortgage loans secured by real property (including certain types of mortgage-backed securities). Assets that do not qualify for purposes of the 75% test are subject to the additional asset tests described below.
Second, the value of our interest in any one issuers securities (other than debt and equity securities issued by any of our TRSs, qualified REIT subsidiaries, any other entity that is disregarded as an entity separate from us, and any equity interest we may hold in a partnership) may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets. Third, we may not own more than 10% of the voting power or 10% of the value of any one issuers outstanding securities (other than debt and equity securities issued by any of our TRSs, qualified REIT subsidiaries, any other entity that is disregarded as an entity separate from us, and any equity interest we may hold in a partnership). Fourth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of one or more TRSs. For purposes of the 10% value test, the term securities does not include certain straight debt securities.
Notwithstanding the general rule that, for purposes of the gross income and asset tests, a REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the underlying assets of a partnership in which it holds a partnership interest, if a REIT holds indebtedness issued by a partnership, the indebtedness will be subject to, and may cause a violation of the asset tests, unless it is a qualifying mortgage asset or otherwise satisfies the rules for straight debt. Similarly, although stock of another REIT qualifies as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests, non-mortgage debt issued by another REIT may not so qualify.
Any regular or residual interest that we own in a REMIC will generally qualify as real estate assets. However, if less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC consist of assets that qualify as real estate assets, then we will be treated as holding directly our proportionate share of the assets of such REMIC for purposes of the asset tests.
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We believe that most of the assets that we hold and those we expect to hold will be qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test. However, our investment in other asset-backed securities, bank loans and other instruments that are not secured by mortgages on real property will not be qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test.
We have monitored and will continue to monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the various asset tests and will seek to manage our portfolio to comply at all times with such tests. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be successful in this effort. In this regard, to determine our compliance with these requirements, we will need to estimate the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests. We will not obtain independent appraisals to support our conclusions concerning the values of our assets, and we will generally rely on representations and warranties of sellers from whom we acquire mortgage loans concerning the loan-to-value ratios for such mortgage loans. Moreover, some of the assets that we may own may not be susceptible to precise valuation. Although we will seek to be prudent in making these estimates, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not disagree with these determinations and assert that a different value is applicable, in which case we might not satisfy the 75% asset test and the other asset tests and would fail to qualify as a REIT.
Failure to Satisfy Asset Tests
If we fail to satisfy the asset tests as the end of a quarter, we will not lose our REIT qualification if:
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we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the preceding calendar quarter; and |
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the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of one or more non-qualifying assets. |
If we did not satisfy the condition described in the second bullet above, we still could avoid disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it arose.
If we violate the 5% value test, 10% voting test or 10% value test described above at the end of any calendar quarter, we will not lose our REIT qualification if (i) the failure is de minimis (up to the lesser of 1% of our total assets or $10 million) and (ii) we dispose of these assets or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identified the failure. In the event of a more than de minimis failure of any of the asset tests, as long as the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will not lose our REIT qualification if we (i) file with the IRS a schedule describing the assets that caused the failure, (ii) dispose of these assets or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identified the failure and (iii) pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 per failure or an amount equal to the product of the highest corporate income tax rate (currently 35%) and the net income from the non-qualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.
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Annual Distribution Requirements
To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to:
(A) the sum of
(i) 90% of our REIT taxable income (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gains), and
(ii) 90% of the net income (after tax), if any, from foreclosure property (as described below), minus
(B) the sum of certain items of non-cash income.
In addition, if we were to recognize built-in-gain (as defined below) on disposition of any assets acquired from a C corporation in a transaction in which our basis in the assets was determined by reference to the C corporations basis (for instance, if the assets were acquired in a tax-free reorganization), we would be required to distribute at least 90% of the built-in-gain recognized net of the tax we would pay on such gain. Built-in-gain is the excess of (a) the fair market value of an asset (measured at the time of acquisition) over (b) the basis of the asset (measured at the time of acquisition).
Such distributions must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if either (i) we declare the distribution before we file a timely federal income tax return for the year and pay the distribution with or before the first regular dividend payment after such declaration or (ii) we declare the distribution in October, November or December of the taxable year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified day in any such month, and we actually pay the dividends before the end of January of the following year. The distributions under clause (i) are taxable to the Owners of our capital stock in the year in which paid, and the distributions in clause (ii) are treated as paid on December 31 of the prior taxable year. In both instances, these distributions relate to our prior taxable year for purposes of the 90% distribution requirement.
We will pay federal income tax at corporate tax rates on our taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during each calendar year, or by the end of January following the calendar year in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, at least the sum of (i) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (ii) 95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts actually distributed. We generally intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements and to avoid corporate federal income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax.
We may elect to retain, rather than distribute, our net capital gain and pay tax on such gains. In this case, we could elect to have our stockholders include their proportionate share of
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such undistributed capital gains in income and to receive a corresponding credit or refund, as the case may be, for their share of the tax paid by us. Stockholders would then increase the adjusted basis of their stock by the difference between the designated amounts of capital gains from us that they include in their taxable income, and the tax paid on their behalf by us with respect to that income.
To the extent that a REIT has available net operating losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that it must make to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. Such losses, however, will generally not affect the character, in the hands of stockholders, of any distributions that are actually made by the REIT, which are generally taxable to stockholders to the extent that the REIT has current or accumulated earnings and profits. See Taxation of Stockholders, Taxation of Taxable Domestic Stockholders.
We may find it difficult or impossible to meet distribution requirements in certain circumstances. Due to the nature of the assets in which we will invest, we may be required to recognize taxable income from those assets in advance of our receipt of cash flow on or proceeds from disposition of such assets. For instance, we may be required to accrue interest and discount income on mortgage loans, mortgage-backed securities, and other types of debt securities or interests in debt securities before we receive any payments of interest or principal on such assets. Moreover, in certain instances we may be required to accrue taxable income that we may not actually recognize as economic income. For example, if we own a residual equity position in a mortgage loan securitization, we may recognize taxable income that we will never actually receive due to losses sustained on the underlying mortgage loans. Although those losses would be deductible for tax purposes, they would likely occur in a year subsequent to the year in which we recognized the taxable income. Thus, for any taxable year, we may be required to fund distributions in excess of cash flow received from our investments. If such circumstances arise, then to fund our distribution requirement and maintain our status as a REIT we may have to sell assets at unfavorable prices, borrow at unfavorable terms, make taxable stock dividends, or pursue other strategies. We cannot be assured, however, any such strategy would be successful if our cash flow were to become insufficient to make the required distributions.
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying deficiency dividends to stockholders in a later year, which may be included in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends; however, we will be required to pay interest and a penalty to the IRS based on the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. In addition, there are relief provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset tests, as described in Gross Income Tests and Asset Tests.
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If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and the relief provisions do not apply, we will be subject to tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular federal corporate income tax rates. Distributions to stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify will not be deductible by us nor will they be required to be made. In such event, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits, all distributions to stockholders will be taxable as ordinary income, and, subject to certain limitations of the Code, corporate stockholders may be eligible for the dividends received deduction, and individual stockholders and other non-corporate stockholders may be eligible to be taxed at the reduced 15% rate currently applicable to qualified dividend income (through 2010). Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. We cannot predict whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to such statutory relief.
Prohibited Transactions
Net income derived by a REIT from a prohibited transaction is subject to a 100% excise tax. The term prohibited transaction generally includes a sale or other disposition of property (other than foreclosure property) that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Although we do not expect that our assets will be held primarily for sale to customers or that a sale of any of our assets will be in the ordinary course of our business, these terms are dependent upon the particular facts and circumstances, and we cannot assure you that we will never be subject to this excise tax. The 100% tax does not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a TRS or other taxable corporation, although such income will be subject to tax in the hands of the corporation at regular federal corporate income tax rates.
Foreclosure Property
A REIT is subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate (currently 35%) on any income from foreclosure property, including gain from the disposition of such foreclosure property, other than income that otherwise would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Foreclosure property is real property and any personal property incident to such real property (i) that is acquired by a REIT as result of the REIT having bid on such property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default (or default was imminent) on a lease of such property or a mortgage loan held by the REIT and secured by the property, (ii) for which the related loan or lease was acquired by the REIT at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated and (iii) for which such REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure election has been made will not be subject to the 100% excise tax on gains from prohibited transactions described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute inventory or dealer property in the hands of the selling REIT. We do not expect to receive income from foreclosure property that is not qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. However, if we do receive any such income, we intend to make an election to treat the related property as foreclosure property.
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Taxable Mortgage Pools
An entity, or a portion of an entity, may be classified as a TMP under the Code if (i) substantially all of its assets consist of debt obligations or interests in debt obligations, (ii) more than 50% of those debt obligations are real estate mortgage loans, interests in real estate mortgage loans or interests in certain mortgage-backed securities as of specified testing dates, (iii) the entity has issued debt obligations that have two or more maturities and (iv) the payments required to be made by the entity on its debt obligations bear a relationship to the payments to be received by the entity on the debt obligations that it holds as assets. Under Treasury Regulations, if less than 80% of the assets of an entity (or a portion of an entity) consist of debt obligations, these debt obligations are considered not to comprise substantially all of its assets, and therefore the entity would not be treated as a TMP.
We do not intend to structure or enter into securitization or financing transactions that will cause us to be viewed as owning interests in one or more TMPs. Generally, if an entity or a portion of an entity is classified as a TMP, then the entity or portion thereof is treated as a taxable corporation and it cannot file a consolidated federal income tax return with any other corporation. If, however, a REIT owns 100% of the equity interests in a TMP, then the TMP is a qualified REIT subsidiary and, as such, ignored as an entity separate from the REIT.
If, notwithstanding our intent to avoid having the issuing entity in any of our securitization or financing transactions classified as a TMP, one or more of such transactions was so classified, then as long as we owned 100% of the equity interests in the issuing entity, all or a portion of the income that we recognize with respect to our investment in the issuing entity will be treated as excess inclusion income. Section 860E(c) of the Code defines the term excess inclusion with respect to a residual interest in a REMIC. The IRS, however, has yet to issue guidance on the computation of excess inclusion income on equity interests in a TMP held by a REIT. Generally, however, excess inclusion income with respect to our investment in any TMP and any taxable year will equal the excess of (i) the amount of income we accrue on our investment in the TMP over (ii) the amount of income we would have accrued if our investment were a debt instrument having an issue price equal to the fair market value of our investment on the day we acquired it and a yield to maturity equal to 120% of the long-term applicable federal rate in effect on the date we acquired our interest. The term applicable federal rate refers to rates that are based on weighted average yields for treasury securities and are published monthly by the IRS for use in various tax calculations. If we undertake securitization transactions that are TMPs, the amount of excess inclusion income we recognize in any taxable year could represent a significant portion of our total taxable for that year.
Although we intend to structure our securitization and financing transactions so that we will not recognize any excess inclusion income, we cannot assure you that we will always be successful in this regard. If, notwithstanding our intent, we recognized excess inclusion income, then under guidance issued by the IRS we would be required to allocate the excess inclusion income proportionately among the dividends we pay to our stockholders and we must notify our stockholders of the portion of our dividends that represents excess inclusion income. The portion of any dividend you receive that is treated as excess inclusion income is subject to special rules. First, your taxable income can never be less than the sum of your excess inclusion income for the year; excess inclusion income cannot be offset with net operating losses or other allowable deductions. Second, if you are a tax-exempt organization and your excess inclusion income is subject to the unrelated business income tax, then the excess inclusion portion of any dividend
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you receive will be treated as unrelated business taxable income. Third, dividends paid to Foreign Owners who hold stock for investment and not in connection with a trade or business conducted in the United Sates will be subject to United States federal withholding tax without regard to any reduction in rate otherwise allowed by any applicable income tax treaty.
If we recognize excess inclusion income, and one or more Disqualified Organizations are record holders of shares of capital stock, we will be taxable at the highest federal corporate income tax rate on the portion of any excess inclusion income equal to the percentage of our stock that is held by Disqualified Organizations. In such circumstances, we may reduce the amount of our distributions to a Disqualified Organization whose stock ownership gave rise to the tax. To the extent that our capital stock owned by Disqualified Organizations is held by a broker/dealer or other nominee, the broker/dealer or other nominee would be liable for a tax at the highest corporate tax rate on the portion of our excess inclusion income allocable to our capital stock held by the broker/dealer or other nominee on behalf of the Disqualified Organizations.
If we own less than 100% of the equity interests in a TMP, the foregoing rules would not apply. Rather, the entity would be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and would potentially be subject to federal corporate income tax. This could adversely affect our compliance with the REIT gross income and asset tests described above. We currently do not have, and currently do not intend to enter into any securitization or financing transaction that is a TMP in which we own some, but less than all, of the equity interests, and we intend to monitor the structure of any TMPs in which we have an interest to ensure that they will not adversely affect our status as a REIT. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in this regard.
Taxation of Owners
Taxation of Taxable Domestic Owners
Distributions. As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions we make to our taxable Domestic Owners out of current or accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends) will be taken into account by them as ordinary income. Dividends we pay to a corporation will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction. In addition, distributions we make to individuals and other Owners that are not corporations generally will not be eligible for the 15% reduced rate of tax currently (through 2010) in effect for qualified dividend income. However, provided certain holding period and other requirements are met, an individual or other non-corporate Owner will be eligible for the 15% reduced rate with respect to (i) distributions attributable to dividends we receive from certain C corporations, such as our TRSs, and (ii) distributions attributable to income upon which we have paid corporate income tax.
Distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends will be taxed as long-term capital gains (to the extent that they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year) without regard to the period for which you have owned our capital stock. However, corporate Owners may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. Long-term capital gains are generally taxable at maximum federal rates of 15% (through 2010) in the case of individuals, trusts and estates, and 35% in the case of corporations.
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Rather than distribute our net capital gains, we may elect to retain and pay the federal income tax on them, in which case you will (i) include your proportionate share of the undistributed net capital gains in income, (ii) receive a credit for your share of the federal income tax we pay and (iii) increase the basis in your capital stock by the difference between your share of the capital gain and your share of the credit.
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to you to the extent that they do not exceed your adjusted tax basis in our capital stock you own, but rather, will reduce your adjusted tax basis in your capital stock. Assuming that the capital stock you own is a capital asset, to the extent that such distributions exceed your adjusted tax basis in the capital stock you own, you must include them in income as long-term capital gain (or short-term capital gain if the capital stock has been held for one year or less).
If we declare a dividend in October, November or December of any year that is payable to stockholders of record on a specified date in any such month, but actually distribute the amount declared in January of the following year, then you must treat the January distribution as though you received it on December 31 of the year in which we declared the dividend. In addition, we may elect to treat other distributions after the close of the taxable year as having been paid during the taxable year, but you will be treated as having received these distributions in the taxable year in which they are actually made.
To the extent that we have available net operating losses and capital losses carried forward from prior tax years, such losses may reduce the amount of distributions that we must make to comply with the REIT distribution requirements. See Annual Distribution Requirements. Such losses, however, are not passed through to you and do not offset your income from other sources, nor would they affect the character of any distributions that you receive from us; you will be subject to tax on those distributions to the extent that we have current or accumulated earnings and profits.
Although we do not expect to recognize any excess inclusion income, if we did recognize excess inclusion income, we would identify a portion of the distributions that we make to you as excess inclusion income. Your taxable income can never be less than the sum of your excess inclusion income for the year; excess inclusion income cannot be offset with net operating losses or other allowable deductions. See Taxable Mortgage Pools.
Dispositions of Our Stock. Any gain or loss you recognize upon the sale or other disposition of our capital stock will generally be capital gain or loss for federal income tax purposes, and will be long-term capital gain or loss if you held the capital stock for more than one year. In addition, any loss you recognize upon a sale or exchange of our capital stock that you have owned for six months or less (after applying certain holding period rules) will generally be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions received from us that you are required to treat as long-term capital gain.
If you recognize a loss upon a disposition of our capital stock in an amount that exceeds a prescribed threshold, it is possible that the provisions of recently adopted Treasury Regulations involving reportable transactions could apply, with a resulting requirement to separately disclose the loss-generating transaction to the IRS. While these regulations are directed towards
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tax shelters, they are written quite broadly, and apply to transactions that would not typically be considered tax shelters. In addition, recently enacted legislation imposes significant penalties for failure to comply with these requirements. You should consult your tax advisor concerning any possible disclosure obligation with respect to the receipt or disposition of our capital stock, or transactions that might be undertaken directly or indirectly by us. Moreover, you should be aware that we and other participants in the transactions involving us (including our advisors) may be subject to disclosure or other requirements pursuant to these regulations.
Amounts that you are required to include in taxable income with respect to our capital stock you own, including taxable distributions and the income you recognize with respect to undistributed net capital gain, and any gain recognized upon your disposition of our capital stock, will not be treated as passive activity income. You may not offset any passive activity losses you may have, such as losses from limited partnerships in which you have invested, with income you recognize with respect to our shares of capital stock. Generally, income you recognize with respect to our capital stock will be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitations.
Information Reporting and Backup Withholding. We will report to our stockholders and to the IRS the amount of distributions we pay during each calendar year and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, you may be subject to backup withholding at a current rate of 28% with respect to distributions unless you:
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are a corporation or come within certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrate this fact; or |
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provide a taxpayer identification number, certify as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise comply with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. |
Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against your federal income tax liability. For a discussion of the backup withholding rules as applied to foreign owners, see Taxation of Foreign Owners.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Owners
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, are generally exempt from federal income taxation. However, they are subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income (UBTI). Provided that a tax-exempt Owner (i) has not held our capital stock as debt financed property within the meaning of the Code and (ii) has not used our capital stock in an unrelated trade or business, amounts that we distribute to tax-exempt Owners generally should not constitute UBTI. However, a tax-exempt Owners allocable share of any excess inclusion income that we recognize will be subject to tax as UBTI. See Taxable Mortgage Pools. We intend to structure our securitization and financing transactions so that we will avoid recognizing any excess inclusion income.
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Tax-exempt Owners that are social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal services plans, exempt from taxation under special provisions of the federal income tax laws, are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally will require them to characterize distributions that they receive from us as UBTI.
In certain circumstances, a qualified employee pension trust or profit sharing trust that owns more than 10% of our stock could be required to treat a percentage of the dividends that it receives from us as UBTI if we are a pension-held REIT. We will not be a pension-held REIT unless either (a) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our stock or (b) a group of pension trusts individually holding more than 10% of our stock collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our stock. However, the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, as described under Description of Capital StockRestrictions on Ownership and Transfer are designed among other things to prevent a tax-exempt entity from owning more than 10% of the value of our stock, thus making it unlikely that we will become a pension-held REIT.
Taxation of Foreign Owners
The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income and estate tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our capital stock applicable to a Foreign Owner.
If a partnership, including for this purpose any entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes, holds our capital stock, the tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. An investor that is a partnership having Foreign Owners as partners should consult its tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our capital stock.
The discussion is based on current law and is for general information only. The discussion addresses only certain and not all aspects of U.S. federal income and estate taxation.
Ordinary Dividend Distributions. The portion of dividends received by a Foreign Owner payable out of our current and accumulated earnings and profits that are not attributable to our capital gains and that are not effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the Foreign Owner will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at the rate of 30% (unless reduced by an applicable income tax treaty). In general, a Foreign Owner will not be considered engaged in a U.S. trade or business solely as a result of its ownership of our capital stock. In cases where the dividend income from a Foreign Owners investment in our capital stock is (or is treated as) effectively connected with the Foreign Owners conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the Foreign Owner generally will be subject to U.S. tax at graduated rates, in the same manner as Domestic Owners are taxed with respect to such dividends (and may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax in the case of a foreign owner that is a foreign corporation). If a Foreign Owner is the record holder of shares of our capital stock, we plan to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any distribution paid to a Foreign Owner unless:
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a lower income treaty rate applies and the Foreign Owner provides us with an IRS Form W-8BEN evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate; or |
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the Foreign Owner provides us with an IRS Form W-8ECI certifying that the distribution is effectively connected income. |
Under some income tax treaties, lower withholding tax rates do not apply to ordinary dividends from REITs. Furthermore, reduced treaty rates are not available to the extent that distributions are treated as excess inclusion income. See Taxable Mortgage Pools. We intend to structure our securitization and financing transactions so that we will avoid recognizing any excess inclusion income.
Non-Dividend Distributions. Distributions we make to a Foreign Owner that are not considered to be distributions out of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be subject to U.S. federal income or withholding tax unless the distribution exceeds the Foreign Owners adjusted tax basis in our capital stock at the time of the distribution and, as described below, the Foreign Owner would otherwise be taxable on any gain from a disposition of our capital stock. If it cannot be determined at the time a distribution is made whether or not such distribution will be in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, the entire distribution will be subject to withholding at the rate applicable to dividends. A Foreign Owner may, however, seek a refund of such amounts from the IRS if it is subsequently determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, provided the proper forms are timely filed with the IRS by the Foreign Owner.
Capital Gain Dividends. Distributions that we make to Foreign Owners that are attributable to our disposition of U.S. real property interests (USRPI, which term does not include interests in mortgage loans and mortgage-backed securities) are subject to U.S. federal income and withholding taxes pursuant to the Foreign Investment in Real Property Act of 1980, or FIRPTA, and may also be subject to branch profits tax if the Foreign Owner is a corporation that is not entitled to treaty relief or exemption. Although we do not anticipate recognizing any gain attributable to the disposition of USRPI, as defined by FIRPTA, Treasury Regulations interpreting the FIRPTA provisions of the Code could be read to impose a withholding tax at a rate of 35% on all of our capital gain dividends (or amounts we could have designated as capital gain dividends) paid to Foreign Owners, even if no portion of the capital gains we recognize during the year are attributable to our disposition of USRPI. However, in any event, the FIRPTA rules will not apply to distributions to a Foreign Owner with respect to any class of our capital stock so long as (i) such class of stock is regularly traded (as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations) on an established securities market, and (ii) the Foreign Owner owns (actually or constructively) no more than 5% of such class of stock at any time during the one-year period ending with the date of the distribution. However, if FIRPTA were not to apply to a distribution to a Foreign Owner for the reason described in the preceding sentence, the distribution would be subject to the withholding rules applicable to ordinary dividend distributions.
Dispositions of Our Stock. Unless our capital stock constitutes a USRPI, a sale of our capital stock by a Foreign Owner generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax under FIRPTA. We do not expect that our capital stock will constitute a USRPI. Our capital stock will not constitute a USRPI if less than 50% of our assets throughout a prescribed testing period consist of interests in real property located within the United States, excluding, for this purpose, interest in real property solely in the capacity as a creditor. Even if the foregoing test is not met, our capital stock will not constitute a USRPI if we are a domestically controlled REIT. A
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domestically controlled REIT is a REIT in which, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of its shares is held directly or indirectly by foreign owners. We do not intend to maintain records to determine whether we are a domestically controlled REIT for this purpose.
Even if we do not constitute a domestically controlled REIT, a Foreign Owners sale of a class of our capital stock generally will still not be subject to tax under FIRPTA as a sale of a USRPI provided that (i) such class of stock is regularly traded (as defined by applicable Treasury Regulations) on an established securities market and (ii) the selling Foreign Owner has owned (actually or constructively) 5% or less of such class of stock at all times during a specified testing period.
If gain on the sale of our capital stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the Foreign Owner would generally be subject to the same treatment as a Domestic Owner with respect to such gain (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals) and the purchaser of the capital stock could be required to withhold 10% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the IRS.
Capital gains not subject to FIRPTA will nonetheless be taxable in the United States to a Foreign Owner in two cases. First, if the Foreign Owners investment in our capital stock is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such Foreign Owner, the Foreign Owner will generally be subject to the same treatment as a Domestic Owner with respect to such gain. Second, if the Foreign Owner is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a tax home in the United States, the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individuals capital gain.
Estate Tax. Our capital stock owned or treated as owned by an individual who is not a citizen or resident of the United States (as specially defined for U.S. federal estate tax purposes) at the time of death will be includible in the individuals gross estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes, unless an applicable estate tax treaty provides otherwise. Such individuals estate may be subject to U.S. federal estate tax on the property includible in the estate for U.S. federal estate tax purposes.
Other Tax Consequences
Possible Legislative or Other Actions Affecting Tax Consequences. Prospective investors should recognize that the present federal income tax treatment of an investment in our capital stock may be modified by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time, and that any such action may affect investments and commitments previously made. The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and Treasury Department, resulting in revisions of regulations and revised interpretations of established concepts as well as statutory changes. Revisions in federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could adversely affect the tax consequences of an investment in our capital stock.
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State and Local Taxes. We and our stockholders may be subject to state or local taxation in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which we or they transact business or reside. The state and local tax treatment may not conform to the federal income tax consequences discussed above. Consequently, prospective investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our capital stock.
In connection with the administration of the Plan, we may be requested to approve investments made pursuant to requests for waiver by or on behalf of participants or other investors who may be engaged in the securities business.
Persons who acquire shares of our common stock through the Plan and resell them shortly after acquiring them, including coverage of short positions, under certain circumstances, may be participating in a distribution of securities that would require compliance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act and may be considered to be underwriters within the meaning of the Securities Act. We will not extend to any such person any rights or privileges other than those to which they would be entitled as a participant, nor will we enter into any agreement with any such person regarding the resale or distribution by any such person of the shares of our common stock so purchased.
Our common stock may not be available under the Plan in all states or jurisdictions. We are not making an offer to sell our common stock in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this Prospectus by reference from our Annual Report on Form 10-K, and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference. Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
The validity of the securities offered hereby is being passed upon for us by K&L Gates LLP. The opinion of counsel described under the heading Material Federal Income Tax Considerations is being rendered by K&L Gates LLP. This opinion is subject to various assumptions and is based on current tax law.
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION
We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. The public may read any materials we file with the SEC at the SECs Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E, Washington, D.C. 20549. The public may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information
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statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The address of that site is http://www.sec.gov. Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol CIM and all such reports, proxy statements and other information filed by us with the New York Stock Exchange may be inspected at the New York Stock Exchanges offices at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005.
We have filed a registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, covering the securities offered hereby. As allowed by SEC rules, this prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits, financial statements and schedules thereto. We refer you to the registration statement, the exhibits, financial statements and schedules thereto for further information. This prospectus is qualified in its entirety by such other information.
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE
The SEC allows us to incorporate by reference information into this prospectus, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to another document filed separately with the SEC. The information incorporated by reference is deemed to be part of this prospectus, except for any information superseded by information in this prospectus. We have filed the documents listed below with the SEC (File No. 1-13447) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (or Exchange Act), and these documents are incorporated herein by reference:
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Our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 as filed on March 3, 2009; |
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Our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on April 17, 2009; |
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Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009 filed on May 7, 2009; |
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Our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 28, 2009; |
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Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2009 filed on August 10, 2009; and |
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The description of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share, included in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A, filed on November 5, 2007. |
All documents we file pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus and prior to the termination of the offering of the securities to which this prospectus relates (other than information in such documents that is not deemed to be filed) shall be deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and to be part hereof from the date of filing of those documents. All documents we file pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of the initial registration statement that contains this prospectus and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement shall be
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deemed to be incorporated by reference into this prospectus and to be part hereof from the date of filing those documents.
Any statement contained in this prospectus or in a document incorporated by reference shall be deemed to be modified or superseded for all purposes to the extent that a statement contained in this prospectus or in any other document which is also incorporated by reference modifies or supersedes that statement.
We will provide to each person, including any beneficial owner, to whom a copy of this prospectus is delivered, a copy of any or all of the information that has been incorporated by reference in this prospectus but not delivered with this prospectus (other than the exhibits to such documents which are not specifically incorporated by reference herein); we will provide this information at no cost to the requester upon written or oral request to Investor Relations, Chimera Investment Corporation, 1211 Avenue of the Americas, Suite 2902, New York, New York 10036, telephone number 1-866-315-9930.
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution.
The fees and expenses to be paid in connection with the distribution of the securities being registered hereby are estimated as follows:
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Registration fee |
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21,874 |
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Legal fees and expenses (including Blue Sky fees) |
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5,000 |
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Accounting fees and expenses |
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10,000 |
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Printing |
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5,000 |
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Miscellaneous |
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3,126 |
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Total |
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45,000 |
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Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Section 2-418 of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland (or Maryland General Corporation Law) provides that a Maryland corporation may indemnify any director or officer of a corporation who is made a party to any proceeding by reason of service in that capacity unless it is established that the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; or the person actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or, in the case of any criminal proceeding, the person had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Indemnification may be against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements, and reasonable expenses actually incurred by the director or officer in connection with the proceeding, but if the proceeding was one by or in the right of the corporation, indemnification may not be made in respect of any proceeding in which the director or officer shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation. Such indemnification may not be made unless authorized for a specific proceeding after a determination has been made, in the manner prescribed by the law, that indemnification is permissible in the circumstances because the director or officer has met the applicable standard of conduct. On the other hand, unless limited by the corporations charter, the director or officer must be indemnified for expenses if he has been successful in the defense of the proceeding or as otherwise ordered by a court. The law also prescribes the circumstances under which the corporation may advance expenses to, or obtain insurance or similar protection for, directors and officers.
Our articles of incorporation, as amended, provide that our directors and officers will, and our employees and agents in the discretion of our Board of Directors may, be indemnified to the fullest extent required or permitted from time to time by the laws of Maryland.
The Maryland General Corporation Law permits the charter of a Maryland corporation to include a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages except to the extent that (i) it is proved that the person actually received an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services for the amount of the
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benefit or profit in money, property or services actually received, or (ii) a judgment or other final adjudication is entered in a proceeding based on a finding that the persons action, or failure to act, was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty or committed in bad faith and was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding. Our articles of incorporation, as amended, contain a provision providing for elimination of the liability of our directors and officers to us or our stockholders for money damages to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.
We maintain policies of insurance under which our directors and officers are insured, within the limits and subject to the limitations of the policies, against expenses in connection with the defense of actions, suits or proceedings resulting from such director or officer being or having been a director or officer, and certain liabilities which might be imposed as a result of these actions, suits or proceedings.
Item 16. Exhibits.
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Exhibit |
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Exhibit Description |
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4.1 |
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Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Chimera Investment Corporation (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Registration Statement on Amendment No. 1 to Form S-11 (File No. 333-145525) filed on September 27, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference). |
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5.1 |
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Opinion of K&L Gates LLP (including consent of such firm). |
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8.1 |
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Tax Opinion of K&L Gates LLP (including consent of such firm). |
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23.1 |
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Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP. |
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23.2 |
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Consent of K&L Gates LLP (included in Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1). |
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24.1 |
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Power of Attorney (included on the signature page to this Registration Statement). |
Item 17. Undertakings.
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(a) |
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes: |
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(1) |
To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
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(i) |
To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933; |
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(ii) |
To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in this registration statement. |
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Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the Calculation of Registration Fee table in the effective registration statement; and |
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(iii) |
To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in this registration statement; |
provided, however, that paragraphs (a)(1)(i), (a)(1)(ii) and (a)(1)(iii) of this section do not apply if the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
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(2) |
That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
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(3) |
To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
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(4) |
That, for purposes of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser: |
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(i) |
Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and |
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(ii) |
Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective date of the registration statement |
II-3
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relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date. |
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(5) |
That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities, the undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
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(i) |
Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
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(ii) |
Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant; |
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(iii) |
The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and |
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(iv) |
Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser. |
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(b) |
The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of the registrants annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plans annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
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(c) |
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the |
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foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. |
II-5
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York, on September 24, 2009.
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CHIMERA INVESTMENT CORPORATION |
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By: |
/s/ Matthew Lambiase |
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Matthew Lambiase |
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President and Chief Executive Officer |
Each person whose signature appears below hereby authorizes Matthew Lambiase and A. Alexandra Denahan, and each of them, as attorney-in-fact and agents, each with full power of substitution and resubstitution, to sign on his or her behalf, individually and in each capacity stated below, any amendment, including post-effective amendments to this registration statement, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and all documents in connection therewith, with the SEC hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or any of them or their substitute or substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
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Signatures |
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Title |
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Date |
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/s/ Matthew Lambiase |
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Chief
Executive Officer, |
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September 24, 2009 |
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Matthew Lambiase |
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/s/ Alexandra Denahan |
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Chief
Financial Officer |
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September 24, 2009 |
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A. Alexandra Denahan |
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/s/ Paul Donlin |
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Nonexecutive
Chairman of |
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September 24, 2009 |
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Paul Donlin |
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/s/ Mark Abrams |
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Director |
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September 24, 2009 |
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Mark Abrams |
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/s/ Jeremy Diamond |
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Director |
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September 24, 2009 |
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Jeremy Diamond |
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/s/ Paul A. Keenan |
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Director |
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September 24, 2009 |
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Paul A. Keenan |
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II-6
EXHIBIT INDEX
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Exhibit |
Exhibit Description |
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4.1 |
Specimen Common Stock Certificate of Chimera Investment Corporation (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to the Companys Registration Statement on Amendment No. 1 to Form S-11 (File No. 333-145525) filed on September 27, 2007 and incorporated herein by reference). |
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5.1 |
Opinion of K&L Gates LLP (including consent of such firm). |
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8.1 |
Tax Opinion of K&L Gates LLP (including consent of such firm). |
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23.1 |
Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP. |
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23.2 |
Consent of K&L Gates LLP (included in Exhibits 5.1 and 8.1). |
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24.1 |
Power of Attorney (included on the signature page to this Registration Statement). |